China and the International Political Economy Essay

INTRODUCTION In depicting the International Political Economy, Susan Strange, 1988 in her work â€Å"States and Markets† portrays it as a concern of social, political and economic arrangements that affect global systems of production, exchange and distribution and the mix of values reflected therein. International Political Economy is defined as the interplay of economics and politics in world affairs. A dynamic and pivotal force within the global political economy which shows a definite interplay between politics and economics is the country of China; a country whose political system is primarily that of a communist state. Although this is so and has some hardnosed ruling, China has been able to be an example of a country whose has the†¦show more content†¦BODY More so known and the People’s Republic of China, was once a complete an individualized country and has come a long way in its political structure from a solely communist state to one which places itself as a major competitor in the global market to one that can be called a merging of both an industrialized, free market, communist state. With its main focus on the production of goods and services and import export transactions with the world, China from the dynasties of Mao (1950’s) to its present ruling of state by President Hu Jinato plays an intricate part in the development of its country as well as increasing trading practices with the rest of the world. Even in its communist regime China has been able to make a name for itself as it is seen as state for which many countries would like to conduct business with. 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Annexure Free Essays

ANNEXURE I SIGNIFICANT CHANGES REFERRED TO IN PARA 4 OF THIS CIRCULAR Sr. Subject Matter No. 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Annexure or any similar topic only for you Order Now Exemption from eligibility norms for making an IPO 2. Debarment Provision under the rescinded Guidelines Exemption available to banking company, corresponding new bank and infrastructure company. Company prohibited from making an issue of securities if it had been prohibited from accessing the capital market under any order or direction passed by the Board. Provision under the ICDR Regulations Exemption removed. Eligibility norms made applicable uniformly to all types of issuers. Issuer not to make public issue or rights issue of specified securities if: (a) the issuer, any of its promoters, promoter group or directors or persons in control of the issuer are debarred from accessing the capital market by the Board; (b) if any of the promoters, directors or persons in control of the issuer was or also is a promoter, director or person in control of any other company which is debarred from accessing the capital market under any order or directions made by the Board. Provided for. 3. 4. 5. 6. Offer for sale by listed companies OTCEI Issues and E-IPO Firm allotment in public issues Reservation on competitive basis in public issues No provision. Contained in Chapter XIV and Omitted. Chapter XI A. Permitted. Omitted. (a) For Indian and multilateral (a) Omitted. development financial institutions, Indian mutual funds, foreign institutional investors and scheduled banks. b) For shareholders of the (b) For shareholders (other than 6 7. promoters) in respect of listed promoting companies in promoting companies, in case the case of a new of a new issuer and listed group company and shareholders companies, in case of an of group companies in the existing issuer. case of an existing company. Book building Book building process 75% book building route omitted. process through 75% or 100% of issue size. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Allotment/ refund period in public issues Disclosure of price or price band Transfer of surplus money in Green Shoe Option (GSO) Bank Account Issue period for Infrastructure companies in public issues Currency of financial statements disclosed in the offer document 30 days for fixed price issues and 15 days for book built issues. Required in draft prospectus in case of fixed price public issues. Surplus money to be transferred to Investor Protection Fund of Stock Exchanges. 15 days for both fixed price and book built issues. Not required to be disclosed in draft prospectus. Surplus money to be transferred to Investor Protection and Education Fund (IPEF) established by the Board. 21 days, as against 10 days Uniform period of 10 days for all for other issues. types of issuers. 13. 14. 15. Definition â€Å"Key Management Personnel† Disclosure on Not provided. pledge of shares by promoters Extent of Not explicit. Particulars as per audited Government and non-government financial statements not to be issuers treated at par. more than 6 months old from the issue opening date for all issuers, except Government companies. Defined. of Not defined. Provided for. Where 100% of the offer through 7 underwriting obligation 16. The term â€Å"Financial Financial open to institution as a Institution† interpretation. monitoring agency Definition of Includes permanent â€Å"employee† employee/ director of subsidiary or holding company of the issuer. Restrictions on If issue opening and closing advertisements advertisement contained highlights, then the advertisement required to contain risk factors. Forfeiture money unexercised warrants preferential issues of Open to interpretation. n in 17. 18. offer document is underwritten, underwriting obligations shall be for the entire amount underwritten. The term â€Å"financial Institution† replaced by â€Å"public financial institution or a scheduled commercial bank†. Excludes permanent employee/ director of subsidiary or holding company of the issuer and promoters and immediate relatives of promoters. If advertisement contains information other than the details specified in the format for issue advertisement, the advertisement shall contain risk factors. 19. 20. 21. Outstanding convertible instruments in case of initial public offer (IPO) Minimum promoters’ contribution 22. Issue period in case of public issues Where the warrant holder exercises his option to convert only some of the warrants held by him, upfront payment made against only such warrants can be adjusted. The balance upfront payment made against the remaining unexercised warrants shall be forfeited. Compulsory conversion of Compulsory conversion of all outstanding convertible outstanding convertible instruments instruments and other rights held by any person. eld by promoters or shareholders. Could be brought in by Shall be brought in only by whose identity, promoters/ persons belonging promoters to promoter group/friends, photograph, etc are disclosed in the relatives and associates of offer document. promoters. Issue period not clear in case Total issue period not to exceed 10 of revision in price band in days, including any revision in price book built public issues. band . 8 23. 24. 25. Pre-issue advertisement to be made after registering of prospectus/ red herring prospectus with Registrar of Companies before opening of the issue. uch as Only checklist to be attached. Documents to be Documents attached with memorandum of association due diligence and articles of association of the company, audited balance certificate sheet, checklist for compliance with the rescinded Guidelines etc. Group The term â€Å"group companies† The term â€Å"group companies† companies not explained. explained. Timing of preissue advertisement for public issues Pre-issue advertisement to be made immediately after receipt of observations from the Board. 9 ANNEXURE II APPLICABILITY OF THE ICDR REGULATIONS IN RESPECT OF DRAFT OFFER DOCUMENTS FILED UNDER THE RESCINDED GUIDELINES Sr. No. 1. Particulars Applicability of the ICDR Regulations Draft offer documents filed, but Such draft offer documents would be considered as observations yet to be issued filed with the Board under the corresponding provisions of the ICDR Regulations. Merchant bankers by the Board may, however, be required to submit a checklist confirming compliance with the corresponding provisions of the ICDR Regulations. Observations issued by the Board under the rescinded Guidelines, but in-seriatim reply yet to be filed by merchant bankers (a) In-seriatim reply filed with the Board under the rescinded Guidelines (b) Offer document yet to be registered with the Registrar of Companies (ROC) / filed with the designated stock exchange (DSE), as the case may be In-seriatim reply shall be filed in terms of the ICDR Regulations and while doing so, merchant bankers shall submit a checklist, along with a confirmation that all the provisions of the ICDR Regulations have been duly complied with. Merchant bankers shall be required to submit a checklist, along with a confirmation that all the provisions of the ICDR Regulations have been duly complied with, before registering/ filing the offer document with the ROC/ DSE, as the case may be. 2. 3. 4. Offer document registered with Merchant bankers may proceed with the issue. the ROC / filed with the designated stock exchange, as the case may be How to cite Annexure, Papers

Make a study of the different productions of Romeo and Juliet by Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Lurhmann and assess the success of each one Essay Example For Students

Make a study of the different productions of Romeo and Juliet by Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Lurhmann and assess the success of each one Essay The aim of this essay is to assess the differences between the two film productions in terms of the intentions of their directors in portraying Shakespeares classic, Romeo and Juliet. Even after watching two minutes of each film it is immediately evident that the story is set in completely different times. Zeffirellis version is set in the time the story was written, in the late sixteenth century and makes every attempt to capture the reality of those times, whereas Lurhmanns thriller is set in a modern, late 20th century Verona Beach, intending to show how Romeo and Juliet would have been acted out if Shakespeare had lived in the present day. Zeffirelli aimed to create a picture that showed exactly how Romeo and Juliet would have happened if the story had occurred in real life. He used many methods to do this: First of all, the motion picture was actually filmed in Verona, as it was set in Shakespeares play. The actors are young, as they were meant to be in the play and they wear authentic sixteenth century costumes throughout the film. The symbolisms used in the films were the original verbal symbols in the text i.e. the stars (The star crossd lovers, which symbolises the paranormal level of Romeo and Juliets love and their fates) and the power of romance. However, Zeffirelli does bring in his own motif for the power of the lovers love. He uses a recurring tune that is first heard at the Capulet party when Romeo and Juliet first meet. From then on, every time there is a scene of intense romance between them that tune is played. In Lurhmanns version the stars motif is replaced by the sun, and the motif for the power of th e love is replaced by water. For example, Romeo and Juliet first catch sight of each other through a fish tank and they make love in a swimming pool. It is amazing how the directors managed to create films that fall into entirely different genres using the same play. Zeffirellis film is a romance that is focussed on the original Shakespeare play, whereas Lurhmanns is a mixture between an action thriller, a spaghetti western and a romance. The directors intend their films to be in these genres as they are aimed at entirely different audiences. Zeffirelli aimed to attract a classical audience, mainly Shakespeare enthusiasts, who would applaud the film due to the thought and effort put in by the director in order to make the film as realistic as possible. Lurhmann tried to attract the largest audience he could possibly get and those people were the regular cinemagoers who by no means had to be interested in Shakespeare at all. He created the film in a genre that would attract these people. He does this, first of all, by setting the story in the 1990s, in a modern Verona Beach. Immediately the viewers of the film can relate to it, whereas they might not be able to in Zeffirellis historic picture. Secondly, he used actors that appealed to the modern audience, especially the lead role of Romeo, played by Leonardo Di Caprio. Also, Lurhmanns use of modern artists such as Des Rà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½e, Garbage and Radiohead, who were, and are still, popular cult figures, drew in the predominantly young audience. In modernising the film he changes the two rival families, Montague and Capulet, into mafia-like families with a stronghold in the economy of the city. They carry pistols instead of swords, which is where the action and spaghetti western parts of the film come in, as the two gangs are constantly caught up in shootouts between one another. Friar Lawrence is changed from a simple, humble priest, to a hippy figure who experiments with drugs. The Prince, renowned for keeping order in Verona, is transformed into Captain Prince, Chief of Police. .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d , .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d .postImageUrl , .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d , .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d:hover , .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d:visited , .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d:active { border:0!important; } .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d:active , .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u50e4b72a8eb6aba7fdde0b371dfcc22d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Othello Essay - William Shakespeare EssayAs well as this change in characters, Lurhmann cuts much of the original Shakespeare text, dampening the impact of important characters, such as the nurse and Mercutio. The viewer misses out on the bawdy humour of the nurse, which is poorly replaced by an exaggerated Spanish accent. Mercutio loses some of his eccentric individuality as he is under the influence of drugs especially during the Queen Mab speech in Lurhmanns film, not speaking from his own mercurial mind. Overall, this does not all have bad effect; it quickens the pace of the film considerably as long speeches made by these characters are omitted adding to the action ge nre of the film. The constantly switching camera angles, keeping the viewer interested at all times also increases the velocity of this action film. An important part of the play is the duel between Mercutio and Tybalt. Zeffirelli shows this as just a friendly duel, of course, as Shakespeare intended it. However, Lurhmann portrays this as a cold-blooded fight spurred on by the hatred between the Montagues and the Capulets. Romeo then goes on to kill Tybalt in revenge. I believe that Lurhmann uses this part of the play better because in his film Tybalt kills Mercutio with full intent and purpose giving Romeo a greater reason to avenge his best friends murder. In both films the scene is cut out where Romeo kills Paris, which is understandable as this scene is irrelevant to the plot, however the scene where Friar Lawrence clarifies what has happened to the now dead lovers to the Prince is omitted. This is an important scene as it ties up the story and links up the scenes showing the families reaction to the tragic loss of their children and the ending of the feud between them. In conclusion the only real success of the Zeffirelli film was its startling realism as to what would have happened in the sixteenth century, had Romeo and Juliet occurred in reality. He does not show much creativity in his film using only the ideas of Shakespeare and not his own interpretation. This, however, is what Zeffirelli intended so the film was a success in its own right. Lurhmann completely takes on board his own ideas, but without really changing the script that much. His picture incorporates intense scenes of violence and passion with his modern thriller aimed only at creating box-office hit. In completely different ways, both films accomplished their aims with great success.